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1. Lecture Slides
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QUIZ: The Physiology of Human Vision¶

Due date: .

Topics:

Photoreceptors
Light intensity
Sufficient resolution for VR
Eye movements
Eye movement issues for VR
FOV for VR
Neuroscience of vision

Assumptions:

In all of the questions in this quiz, unless otherwise stated, assume a person with no vision defects and a simplified model of an HMD as discussed in class.

Comments or Concerns¶

Leave any comments about the questions below here. For example, if any of the questions seem unfair, or confusing. This is not a graded question, you don't have to write answers here.

Question 1¶

Which part of the human eye provides the greatest optical power (largest diopter)?

Question 2¶

Which one of the following is NOT a part of the human eye?

Question 3¶

The incoming light hits _________ cells before photoreceptors?

Question 4¶

Which part of the retina has the largest concentration (density) of cones?

Question 5¶

Which part of the retina has the largest concentration (density) of rods?

Question 6¶

Each cone rapidly alternates between responding to red, green, and blue light, in a process known as ______________.

Question 7¶

Which process changes the diopter of the human eye?

Question 8¶

You are wearing an HMD and in VR you are looking across the virtual room. You spot the remote control for the television. As you walk your avatar across the room, you keep your eyes focused on the remote. How will the shape of your eye lens change as you move closer to the remote?

Question 9¶

Which of the following is NOT a normal aspect of human vision and might be a major contributor to eye strain and fatigue in VR?

Images are upside down on the retina in comparison to the virtual or physical world.

The human eye lens has chromatic aberration.

Objects located at various distances but not on horopter result in diplopia (double vision).

Objects located at close distances cause vergence-accommodation mismatch.

The human eye lens changes shape to accommodate different viewing distances.

None of the above.

Varoitus: Et ole kirjautunut sisään. Et voi vastata.

Question 10¶

Which of the following statements is true about vergence-accommodation mismatch in VR?

It occurs when the eyes are required to focus on objects of different sizes, but the vergence angle remains the same.

It occurs when the eyes are required to focus on objects at different focal planes, but the vergence angle remains the same.

It occurs when the eyes are required to focus on objects on the same focal plane, but the vergence angles vary.

It occurs when the eyes are required to focus on objects at different focal planes, but the vergence angles vary.

It is comfortable and does not cause eye strain or fatigue.

None of the above.

Varoitus: Et ole kirjautunut sisään. Et voi vastata.

Question 11¶

Assume a user has 20/20 vision. How close should a virtual object be to their eye in VR, so that they can no longer accommodate/focus on it?

Virtually touching the user's nose, to simulate extreme proximity.

About 2-3 cm, as per Oculus Best Practices Guide.

About 5cm, which is the distance to the screen in an HMD.

The user can only focus on comfortable viewing distances in VR, as recommended by Best Practices.

No distance, large or small, will result in loss of ability to accommodate.

None of the above.

Varoitus: Et ole kirjautunut sisään. Et voi vastata.

Question 12¶

At low light levels, vision depends predominantly on ____________.

Question 13¶

______ light is less likely than other colors to affect our adaptation from photopic to scotopic vision modes.

Question 14¶

Which one is correct?

White objects become more difficult to see at night than blue or green objects with similar reflectance values.

Red objects become more difficult to see at night than blue or green objects with similar reflectance values.

Green objects become more difficult to see at night than red objects with similar reflectance values.

Blue objects become more difficult to see at night than red objects with similar reflectance values.

Green objects become more difficult to see at night than red objects with similar reflectance values.

None of the above.

Varoitus: Et ole kirjautunut sisään. Et voi vastata.

Question 15¶

Which eye movement serves to counteract head rotation?

Question 16¶

Which one of the following statements about eye movements is true?

The rotational movement of each eye is caused by four different muscles.

Each eye can rotate around three different axes.

The optic nerve controls eye movement.

Optokinetic response occurs to keep slow-moving objects in view over time.

When tracking a fast moving object, smooth pursuit may be interrupted to include vergence to keep up with it.

None of the above.

Varoitus: Et ole kirjautunut sisään. Et voi vastata.

Question 17¶

If you are viewing a screen at a distance of 50 inches and you would like to have 60 pixels per degree to ensure individual pixels are not visible, how many pixels per inch does your display need to have? For this problem, use approximation tan(1) = 0.02.

Question 18¶

Which of the following modern VR displays has "retina display" resolution as defined in class?

Question 19¶

Which one is an appropriate unit to describe "retina display" resolution with respect to human visual acuity, independent of the distance to the display?